what is sentence?

What is a Sentence??

Before starting with the definition of sentene, Lets start with an example
Rocky home went.
Does the above example provide you with a clear meaning? Surely, No. But why ?? Because the above example is not in correct order and does not have completeness of sense and combination of words.

A sentence must have the following characteristics:
✓ A completeness of Sence
✓ Correct Order
✓ Combination of Words
At this point, We can proceed with definition "A sentence is a combination of words arraged in such an order that it expresses a complete sense or meaning"

Some examples:
1. Zara wants to visit her uncle's family.
2. The Lion caught the mouse.
3. What is your name ?
4. Come here
5. What a nice bird it is!
6. May Allah bless you.
7. Sagor Karmakar does not smoke now.
8. Did Alex go to hospital?
9. Never tell a lie
10. How brilliant the girl is!
The above mentioned examples cover the characteristices of a sentence

Elements of a sentence

Basically, a sentence has two parts:
1) Subject:
A person or thing is being discussed, described or dealt in a sentnece.
That is, subject is the performer of a sentnece.
To find out subject from a sentence, ask the verb with "who"

Example :
Rokeya plays an important role in women empowerment. (Rokeya=Subject, play=verb)
Swimming is a good exercise.(swimming=subject)

2) Predicate : Predicate is the sum of the discussion about the subject
Rokeya plays an important role in women empowerment.
Swimming is a good exercise.
In the predicate section, there may be several elements such as

How to find out the elements from a sentence

Complement

Mr. Jamil Khan is a doctor
Here, Mr. Jamil= a Doctor(This is called complement not object of the sentnce)
Complement is the word that indicates the same as the subject but object does not indicate that.

Example:
Mr. Jamil Khan also runs a Business.(object)
He is a student(Complement)
They prepare their lessons(Object)
This is a book(Complement)

Kinds of Sentences:

Look at some sentences
1. Covid-19 has become panedemic.
2. Does TheBallpen.com provide with good contents?
3. Do excercise regularly.
4. live long our Prime Minister.
5. How cute your girl friend is!
Have you noticed that the above five sentences are providing with five different meaning ??
According to meaning, there are five(5) kinds of sentences.
They are;
1. Assertive Sentence
2. Interrogative Sentence
3. Imperative Sentence
4. Optative Sentence
5. Exclamatory Sentence
Lets explain them in details:

Assertive Sentence

You will be wonder that most of the sentences in Englisg language are assertive sentence
"Assertive sentence provides general statement or assertation".
It can be :
A. Affirmative Sentence:
Structure: Subject+ Verb+Object/Complement/ Adverb or Adverbial Phrase/ Adjective or Adjective Phrase

Ex- We visit TheBallpen.com daily.

B. Negative Sentence:
Structure: Subject+ Auxiliary verb+not+Verb+Object/Complement/ Adverb or Adverbial Phrase/ Adjective or Adjective Phrase
Ex- We do not waste our time.

Some more examples of assertive sentence:

Interrogative Sentence

The above three sentences are asking questions. Such sentences are interrogative in type.
"An interrogative sentence asks question about a thing or person and it ends with note of interrogation(?)"

#There are two ways to form an interrogative sentence:
A. Beginning with WH Questions (Who, what, when, which, how, where..... Read more) Structure: WH-Question+Auxiliary Verb+Subject+Principal verb+ Extension.
When will Mr. Trump join the meeting?
Here;

Some more examples:

B. .Beginning with Auxiliary verb: .
Structure: Auxiliary verb+Subject+Principal verb+Extension
Ex- Have you visited cox's Bazar?

Some more examples:

Imperative Sentence

When you order your younger to open the door, you use imperative sentence and when you advice your younger to make lesson reularly, you use imperative sentence. Again when your younger requests you to buy him a game, he use imperative sentence. Your teachers use imperative sentence while they are suggesting you.

"A sentence that expresses an order, suggestion, advice, suggestion, prohibition etc is called imperative sentence".

Structure:
1. Verb+Object(Affirmative-Do the sum)
2. Do not+Verb+Object(Negative-Do not run in the sun)
3. Let+Object+Verb+Extension(Proposal-Lets have a fun)
Note:
a.Let is finite verb that indicates to permit someone to do something
b. The verb placed after let is a bare infinitive (Let me go (bare infinitive))
Examples:

Optative Sentence

We use optative sentence frequently. When you bid your friend, you say "Best of luck !" this is an optative sentence When you leave home for campus, Your mother say "May Allah bless you" this is also an optative sentence. I think you have got an idea and trying to generate more example around you.

"An optative sentence is a sentence that expresses wish,prayer etc."

Structure: In case of wish and prayer
1. May+Subject+Principal verb+Object(if)+other words.
Ex- May our president live long
1. May
2. Our president = Subject
3. Live = Verb
4. There is no object
5. Long = other word
Some more examples:

Structure: In case of unreality
1. Oh that+Subject+Could+Verb+Object
Ex- Oh that I could help the poor man

Exclamatory Sentence

Will not you be wondered if your father bought you a DSLR? After having the DSLR I am sure you will say "Wow! My father has bought me a DSLR. This is an exclamatory sentence.
When Bangladesh Cricket team wins against the India, You loudly say"Hurrah! We have won." This is also an Exclamatory sentence.
"The sentence that expresses sudden emotion like surprise, pain, delight, anger, disgust etc we call it an exclamatory sentence"
Structure:
1. How+Adjective+NP(Noun or Pronoun)+ Be-verb+!
Ex- How nice the Tajmahal is!
2. What+NP+NP+Be-verb+!
Ex- What a fool he is!
3. What+NP+!
Ex- What a sorrow!
4. Hurrah/Alas(Interjection)+!+ Aseertive sentence
Ex-Hurrah!We have won the toss.
5. Were+NP+NP+!
Ex- Were I a king!
6. Had+NP+!
Ex- Had I two wings!

Some more examples:

Are you feeling bored? If, have a coffee and take some rest....Lets start.
We are a bit far to complete the lesson!

Sentence: According to structure

According to structure, sentences are of three(3) types:
1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex
To understand these sentences clearly, We need to know the following
✔ Finite verb: The verb that provides with a complete sense of a sentence is called finite verb. Ex- Aslam wants to pass in the examination. Read more abour finite verb
✔ Non-finite verb: The verb that does not provide with a complete sense of a sentence is called finite verb
Ex-
Aslam wants to pass() in the examination.
making a kite, We will go to the field.
Read more abour non-finite verb
✔ Clause: Part of a sentence
A clasue is a part of a sentence and has a subject and a verb.
Example: I found a bag(Antecedent) that(Relative pronoun) was full of money.
That is full of money = Clause in the sentence.
Some more examples:

Read more about clause

✓Phrase: A group of words

A Phrase is a group of words which has no subject and finite verb and works as a small element of a sentence.
Ex-

Read more abour phrase
At this point, We can proceed with the three types of sentences.

Simple Sentence

Simple sentence is a sentence that is structured with
-Only one subject: He reads a book.
-One finite verb: He loves to read.
Note: A simple sentence may have one or more non-finite verb but remember only one finite verb.
Structure: Subject+finite verb+Object.

Here, Saw(finite verb)and playing(non-finite verb) and I is the only subject. So its a simple sentence.
Some more examples:

Compound Sentence

A compound sentence is a sentence which has more than one principal clause connected by one or more coordinating conjunctions(and, or, but.... more conjunctions)
Ex- He is poor but he is honest.
Here, he is poor and he is honest both are principal clause connected with "but" that is a conjunction.
Look, this sentence has two finite verb.
Note: We can also write the sentence as He is poor but honest as the suject and verb of the two clauses are the same, we can deduct(minus) the later. This deducted sentence(he is honest = honest) is called contracted sentence.
Some more examples:

Complex Sentence

A complex sentence has one principal/independent clause and one or more sub-ordinate/dependent clause

Ex- I know that she will come.
Here,
I know = principal clasue
that she will come = sub-ordinate clause Read about sub-ordinate clause
Some more examples:

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